Thursday, November 19, 2015

A640.5.2.RB- Leader-Member Exchange Theory

This post has perhaps been in the making for a while now and at first I was not sure if I wanted to avoid it or embrace it. I have a lot to say and some of it stems from a logical place while some of it does not. Perhaps that is one of the most fundamental essences of leadership; that we deal with people who are both logical and emotional simultaneously during a single conversation undulating between each and separately depending on the circumstance. These reactions are combined with our past experiences and the effects that our relationships and exchanges can have on us, which is very human and of course individualized in nature and context for each person.  

In my opinion this is how leadership diverges from management. What looks beautiful on paper is messier in real life. Being a true leader requires the ability to understand and sense differences in each person and not merely classifying all people as the same. This is where Leader-Member Exchange Theory (LMX) bridges this underlying idea. “LMX theory is the dyadic relationship between a leader and each of his or her followers” (Rowe & Guerrero, 2013, p. 200).

Something that I have observed with our current internet culture is that people have a yearning to be understood. We want to be heard and sometimes we want to feel we are valuable and important. Even if our mission is getting coffee we want to know how it contributes to the bigger picture. In an age of digital immediacy few wish to be anonymous. Our work lives are not much different from this notion. We want to our leaders to see us for who we are and what we bring to the table.

For me personally I am on a bit of a crusade that an organization is simply not as valuable as a person. We keep traveling in the direction that the idea of organizations and its needs should be upheld more than the people who make up a company and their wellbeing. I say nay, let’s put that in reverse. This is why LMX is impactful, because it realizes there is a symbiotic relationship between these things. What is good for one can be good for the other. There is no requirement that one should detract from the other.

I have always seen myself as being in a relationship with my job or organization. I am willing to give and take, but I am not interested in only being taken from. Few would accept this in a romantic courtship and when it is beyond one sided it is called unrequited. Those who seek healthy relationships wouldn’t stay committed if this was the premise and this has direct parallels to our work lives. If I am giving my mind and heart I want something for it, something that benefits me and replenishes me. Why is it that we think it is okay to run people dry and then discard them when there is nothing left? This is poor leadership.

Rowe & Guerrero (2013) summarizes the benefits of effective LMX stating:
Essentially, empirically based studies have found that where there are higher-quality leader-member exchanges, there are lower employee turnover, better employee evaluations, more frequent promotions, better work assignments, more participation by employees in decision making, enhanced commitment to the organization, more favorable attitudes toward the job, and great support and interest from the leader. (p. 201)

There is beauty to the coadjuvancy because both sides have equal representation in the relationship.  I have a belief that generally people want to do a good job but something goes awry along the way that causes a derailment. So what happens when this is overlooked and dyads are no longer aligned in fruitful harmony?

Rowe & Guerrero (2013) describes from the early studies an emergence of two types of groups: in-groups and out-groups. “In-group relationships develop when leaders and follower negotiate that follower do more than required by their job description, and leaders provide more than that required by the formal hierarchy” (Rowe & Guerrero, 2013, p. 201).

 Out-groups are much the opposite. They are physically present but do the minimum to retain their jobs, they give nothing more than required and leaders provide only what is contractually obligated (Rowe & Guerrero, 2013). Essentially this is an outbreak of organizational zombieism as these individuals mentally vacate or defect from their jobs.

In the song “She Wolf” Shakira muses, I've been devoting myself to you Monday to Monday and Friday to Friday. Not getting enough retribution or decent incentives to keep me at it. Starting to feel just a little abused like a coffee machine in an office. I don’t know about you but that doesn’t sound too appealing.

The implication of each of these groups is dramatic in terms of meeting goals and being effective organizationally. Without people the organization cannot meet its goals. When people are invested the results are better. Without fail, leaders have influence in this matter. In-groups and out-groups exist  in any group or organization and leaders participate in the development of each (Rowe & Guerrero, 2013). The more members in the in-group the better your team will do. The more players on the out-group team the more in trouble an organization will be.

Reference:

Rowe, W. G. & Guerrero L. (2013). Cases in Leadership. (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA. Sage Publications, Inc.


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