Sunday, April 19, 2015

A634.4.4.RB- Is Affirmative Action Ethical?

For all intents and purposes I have never really batted an eyelash over affirmative action which is “designed as temporary measures to increase the employment and educational opportunities available to qualified women and minorities by giving them preference in hiring, promotion, and admission” (Andre, Velasquez, & Mazur, n.d., para. 2). I inherently support this action. I am a female so I suppose that technically that I could be included in the scope of special consideration, though I cannot say that I have ever directly benefited personally. Maybe I have and I do not even know it. Ultimately I take no issue with it, but the real question is whether affirmative action is ethical? Ethics is centered on what we ought to do when trying to determine if something is right or wrong (LaFollette, 2007). There has been so much controversy about affirmative action and I wonder if it is misunderstood?  Is it fair? Is it keeping us all from being equal by single out groups for special consideration? Or is it actually helping with equality and opportunity when it otherwise would not have been given?

If I were to solely base my understanding of affirmative action on the LaFollette text I may not have a particularly positive outlook on this topic. While I think his writings were well intentioned, I feel his stance was filled with inflammatory examples riddled with logical fallacy and parallel mistakes in reasoning. One of the main sticking points was that while his definition did include that it is meant to assist minorities and women LaFollette only focuses on African-Americans and goes on to say that if affirmative action can be justified they would be the most deserving recipients (2007). No further indication is made about other minority groups or women and does not include the historical benefits or any arguments that have been made for each. While including each may have made for a longer or even a second chapter, it paints a wholly incomplete picture of affirmative action.

In terms of LaFollette, the focus is rather singular and presents arguments that have been made against affirmative action such as that it is reverse discrimination, it hurts those who have done no wrong, sheds lights on the argument regarding qualification, that affirmative action stigmatizes black, and it minimizes the rights of employers. Arguments for affirmative action include that we still face continuing racism, though it is veiled and indirect in its form today and that there should be equality for opportunity (LaFollette, 2007). Other assorted arguments for affirmative action are tucked into the responses of the arguments against it, such as whites are not thought to be inferior to blacks, white men have never been discriminated against so even in reverse it is not tantamount to what blacks have faced so it does not count as much, and that whites owe blacks punitive damages for that was done by our ancestors so that while we did not do the damage ourselves, we still reap the benefits from generation to generation (LaFollette, 2007). I simply cannot wrap my mind around these comments and my felt sense tells me that they may not be ethical, but one man’s opinion should not color this entire issue of inquiry into affirmative action and the determination if it is ethical. Frankly it is a distorted generalized statement to make about one group or another.

My main concern that I have with most things is that I would like to see true equality in the world. I have come to find that not everyone has an ever inquisitive mind and fact checks multiple sources and dissenting opinions, evaluate them critically and then makes up their mind when they encounter the unknown. If we hear something we tend to take it at face value and this is what makes me feel that affirmative action will continue to be misunderstood. Through misunderstanding is more prejudice being developed? According to Plous (2003) there is a myth about combating discrimination with discrimination and that “the problem with this myth is that it uses the same word -- discrimination -- to describe two very different things. Job discrimination is grounded in prejudice and exclusion, whereas affirmative action is an effort to overcome prejudicial treatment through inclusion. The most effective way to cure society of exclusionary practices is to make special efforts at inclusion, which is exactly what affirmative action does” (para. 8). While that is the aim, I am not assured that it prevents it from being misunderstood. In my opinion, that is a problem. A problem for the aim and a problem for society.

Another argument is that if we stop viewing each other in terms of differences we can prevent racism and there would no longer be a need for affirmative action that we could all just be as equals. This is called colorblindness. While this statement sounds intuitively plausible, the reality is that color-blind policies often put racial minorities at a disadvantage (Plous, 2003). “Unless preexisting inequities are corrected or otherwise taken into account, color-blind policies do not correct racial injustice -- they reinforce it” (Plous, 2003, para. 2). Although En Vogue made a compelling song, “Free Your Mind” that sings ”Free your mind and the rest will follow, be colorblind, don’t be so shallow” where I feel  this really is the ultimate goal, regardless we still have to remain cognizant in order not to have an out of sight, out of mind mentality. When we hurt one group, or two groups, we are overall hurting each other and ourselves.

The bottom line is that ethically, I believe that if you see something then you need to do something. That is exactly the intent of affirmative action. There is still a lot of wrong and we should do something about it. While it seems like we are starting to come a long way to become open and civic minded, there are still heinous instances occurring every day to discriminate against others. This means that this is everyone’s problem and we all need to do our part to coexist and that means that everyone deserves equal opportunities.

References:
Andre, C., Velasquez, M., & Mazur, T. (n.d.). Affirmative Action: Twenty-five Years of Controversy. Retrieved April 18, 2015, from http://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/iie/v5n2/affirmative.html

LaFollette, H. (2007). The Practice of Ethics. Malden, MA; Blackwell Publishing


Plous, S. (2003). UnderstandingPrejudice.org: Ten Myths About Affirmative Action. Retrieved April 18, 2015, from http://www.understandingprejudice.org/readroom/articles/affirm.htm

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